引用格式

可靠的引用能够建立信任，帮助读者核实回答的准确性。本指南提供实用建议，介绍如何准备可引用材料，并使用 OpenAI 模型熟悉的模式，指导模型正确设置引用格式。

概览

引用系统包含多个环节：您需要确定哪些内容可以引用，清晰地呈现这些材料，指导模型如何引用，并在向用户展示结果之前进行验证。

本指南介绍模型直接接触的五个核心要素：

1. 可引用单元：定义允许模型引用的内容。
2. 材料呈现：以清晰、结构化的格式呈现源材料。
3. 引用格式：明确指定模型应使用的引用格式。
4. 提示指令：告诉模型何时引用，以及如何正确引用。
5. 引用解析：从模型的回答中提取引用，供后续使用。

选择可引用单元

编写提示之前，请明确定义模型可以引用哪些内容。常见选项包括：

合适的可引用单元应具备以下特点：

• 保持一致：同一来源在不同运行中应保持相同的 ID。
• 便于核查：读者能够阅读其内容并理解上下文。
• 大小适中：包含足够的内容以表达清楚含义，同时范围足够小以保持精确。

对于大多数系统，块级引用是最佳默认选择。与行级引用相比，模型通常更容易生成块级引用；与文档级引用相比，块级引用对用户更有用。

呈现可引用材料

如果材料没有清晰呈现，模型就无法引用。无论材料来自工具还是直接注入，都应确保其包含以下内容：

• 稳定的来源 ID：保持一致的标识符，例如 file1 或 block1。
• 易读的文本：格式清晰的源材料。
• 元数据（可选）：URL、时间戳、标题及类似的上下文信息。

Citation Marker: {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}file0{CITATION_STOP}
Title: Employee Handbook
URL: https://company.example/handbook
Updated: 2026-03-01

[L1] Employees may work remotely up to three days per week.
[L2] Additional remote days require manager approval.
[L3] Exceptions may apply for approved accommodations.

定义引用格式

您需要定义模型生成引用时使用的格式。请采用明确、一致且便于模型稳定复现的格式。

以下是我们推荐的引用格式和标记。我们强烈建议使用这些引用标记，因为它们与模型训练时使用的标记非常接近。如果您选择其他标记值，请尽量保持整体引用格式相似。

模板

{CITATION_START}<citation_family>{CITATION_DELIMITER}<source_id>{CITATION_DELIMITER}<locator>{CITATION_STOP}

示例

{CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn0file1{CITATION_DELIMITER}L8-L13{CITATION_STOP}

如果您的系统不使用定位符，请省略该字段：

{CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn0file1{CITATION_STOP}

编写有效的引用指令

为尽可能保持准确，请使用模型熟悉的引用模式。自定义格式或不熟悉的格式会增加模型的认知负担，导致引用错误，尤其是在以下情况下：

• 推理投入较低时，模型用于纠正格式错误的预算更少。
• 任务复杂度较高时，大部分推理预算都用于解决任务本身，而非修正引用语法。

下面推荐的引用格式接近模型熟悉的模式。您可以直接使用，也可以根据自己的系统进行调整。

如果您想自行编写提示，请明确以下内容：

• 标记的确切语法。
• 引用的放置位置。
• 何时需要引用，何时不需要引用。
• 如何引用多项支持材料。
• 禁止使用哪些格式。
• 缺少支持材料时如何处理。

## Citations

Results are returned by "tool_1". Each message from `tool_1` is called a "source" and identified by its reference ID, which is the first occurrence of 【turn\d+\w+\d+】 (e.g. 【turn2file1】). In this example, the string "turn2file1" would be the source reference ID.

Citations are references to `tool_1` sources. Citations may be used to refer to either a single source or multiple sources.

Citations to a single source must be written as {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn\d+\w+\d+{CITATION_STOP} (e.g. {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn2file5{CITATION_STOP}).

Citations to multiple sources must be written as {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn\d+\w+\d+{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn\d+\w+\d+{CITATION_DELIMITER}...{CITATION_STOP} (e.g. {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn2file5{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn2file1{CITATION_DELIMITER}...{CITATION_STOP}).

Citations must not be placed inside markdown bold, italics, or code fences, as they will not display correctly. Instead, place the citations outside the markdown block. Citations outside code fences may not be placed on the same line as the end of the code fence.

You must NOT write reference ID turn\d+\w+\d+ verbatim in the response text without putting them between {CITATION_START}...{CITATION_STOP}.

- Place citations at the end of the paragraph, or inline if the paragraph is long, unless the user requests specific citation placement.
- Citations must be placed after punctuation.
- Citations must not be all grouped together at the end of the response.
- Citations must not be put in a line or paragraph with nothing else but the citations themselves.

You *must* cite any results you use from this tool using the:
`\ue200cite\ue202turn0file0\ue202L8-L13\ue201` format ONLY if the item has a corresponding citation marker.

12345678910111213<extra_considerations_for_citations>
- **Relevance:** Include only search results and citations that support the cited response text. Irrelevant sources permanently degrade user trust.
- **Diversity:** You must base your answer on sources from diverse domains, and cite accordingly.
- **Trustworthiness:** To produce a credible response, you must rely on high quality domains, and ignore information from less reputable domains unless they are the only source.
- **Accurate Representation:** Each citation must accurately reflect the source content. Selective interpretation of the source content is not allowed.

Remember, the quality of a domain/source depends on the context.
- When multiple viewpoints exist, cite sources covering the spectrum of opinions to ensure balance and comprehensiveness.
- When reliable sources disagree, cite at least one high-quality source for each major viewpoint.
- Ensure more than half of citations come from widely recognized authoritative outlets on the topic.
- For debated topics, cite at least one reliable source representing each major viewpoint.
- Do not ignore the content of a relevant source because it is low quality.
</extra_considerations_for_citations>

解析引用

模型生成引用后，您需要从响应文本中提取这些引用，以便解析来源 ID、渲染链接，或在向用户展示答案前移除原始标记。

下面的辅助代码可直接复制到您的应用中。它可以解析单来源引用、多来源引用以及可选的行范围定位符，同时保留它们在原文中的字符偏移量。

此示例仅支持行定位符。如果您的系统使用其他定位符格式，请相应调整。

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75const CITATION_START = "\uE200";
const CITATION_DELIMITER = "\uE202";
const CITATION_STOP = "\uE201";

const SOURCE_ID_RE = /^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$/;
const LINE_LOCATOR_RE = /^L\d+(?:-L\d+)?$/;

// Extract citations such as:
//
//   {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn0file0{CITATION_STOP}
//   {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn0file0{CITATION_DELIMITER}L8-L13{CITATION_STOP}
//   {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn0search0{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn1news2{CITATION_STOP}
function extractCitations(text, { families = ["cite"] } = {}) {
  if (families.length === 0) {
    return [];
  }

  const familyPattern = families
    .map((family) => family.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"))
    .join("|");

  const tokenRe = new RegExp(
    `${CITATION_START}(?<family>${familyPattern})${CITATION_DELIMITER}(?<body>[\\s\\S]*?)${CITATION_STOP}`,
    "g"
  );

  const citations = [];

  for (const match of text.matchAll(tokenRe)) {
    const body = match.groups?.body ?? "";
    const parts = body
      .split(CITATION_DELIMITER)
      .map((part) => part.trim())
      .filter(Boolean);

    if (parts.length === 0) {
      continue;
    }

    let locator = null;
    const lastPart = parts[parts.length - 1];
    if (LINE_LOCATOR_RE.test(lastPart)) {
      locator = parts.pop() ?? null;
    }

    if (parts.length === 0 || parts.some((part) => !SOURCE_ID_RE.test(part))) {
      continue;
    }

    citations.push({
      raw: match[0],
      family: match.groups?.family ?? "",
      source_ids: parts,
      locator,
      start: match.index ?? 0,
      end: (match.index ?? 0) + match[0].length,
    });
  }

  return citations;
}

function stripCitations(text, citations) {
  let cleanText = text;
  const sortedCitations = Array.from(citations).sort(
    (left, right) => right.start - left.start
  );

  for (const citation of sortedCitations) {
    cleanText =
      cleanText.slice(0, citation.start) + cleanText.slice(citation.end);
  }

  return cleanText;
}

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87import re
from collections.abc import Iterable
from typing import TypedDict

CITATION_START = "\ue200"
CITATION_DELIMITER = "\ue202"
CITATION_STOP = "\ue201"

SOURCE_ID_RE = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$")
LINE_LOCATOR_RE = re.compile(r"^L\d+(?:-L\d+)?$")


class Citation(TypedDict):
    raw: str
    family: str
    source_ids: list[str]
    locator: str | None
    start: int
    end: int


def extract_citations(
    text: str,
    *,
    families: tuple[str, ...] = ("cite",),
) -> list[Citation]:
    """
    Extract citations such as:

      {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn0file0{CITATION_STOP}
      {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn0file0{CITATION_DELIMITER}L8-L13{CITATION_STOP}
      {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn0search0{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn1news2{CITATION_STOP}
    """
    if not families:
        return []

    family_pattern = "|".join(re.escape(family) for family in families)
    token_re = re.compile(
        rf"{re.escape(CITATION_START)}"
        rf"(?P<family>{family_pattern})"
        rf"{re.escape(CITATION_DELIMITER)}"
        rf"(?P<body>.*?)"
        rf"{re.escape(CITATION_STOP)}",
        re.DOTALL,
    )

    citations: list[Citation] = []

    for match in token_re.finditer(text):
        parts = [part.strip() for part in match.group("body").split(CITATION_DELIMITER)]
        parts = [part for part in parts if part]

        if not parts:
            continue

        locator = None
        if LINE_LOCATOR_RE.fullmatch(parts[-1]):
            locator = parts.pop()

        if not parts or any(not SOURCE_ID_RE.fullmatch(part) for part in parts):
            continue

        citations.append(
            {
                "raw": match.group(0),
                "family": match.group("family"),
                "source_ids": parts,
                "locator": locator,
                "start": match.start(),
                "end": match.end(),
            }
        )

    return citations


def strip_citations(text: str, citations: Iterable[Citation]) -> str:
    """
    Remove raw citation markers from text using offsets returned by
    extract_citations().
    """
    clean_text = text

    for citation in sorted(citations, key=lambda item: item["start"], reverse=True):
        clean_text = clean_text[: citation["start"]] + clean_text[citation["end"] :]

    return clean_text

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47CITATION_START = "\u{E200}"
CITATION_DELIMITER = "\u{E202}"
CITATION_STOP = "\u{E201}"

SOURCE_ID_RE = /\A[A-Za-z0-9_-]+\z/
LINE_LOCATOR_RE = /\AL\d+(?:-L\d+)?\z/

def extract_citations(text, families: ["cite"])
  return [] if families.empty?

  family_pattern = families.map { |family| Regexp.escape(family) }.join("|")
  token_re = Regexp.new(
    "#{Regexp.escape(CITATION_START)}" \
      "(?<family>#{family_pattern})" \
      "#{Regexp.escape(CITATION_DELIMITER)}" \
      "(?<body>.*?)" \
      "#{Regexp.escape(CITATION_STOP)}",
    Regexp::MULTILINE
  )

  text.enum_for(:scan, token_re).map do
    match = Regexp.last_match
    next unless match

    body = match[:body]
    next unless body

    parts = body.split(CITATION_DELIMITER).map(&:strip).reject(&:empty?)
    locator = parts.pop if parts.last&.match?(LINE_LOCATOR_RE)
    next if parts.empty? || parts.any? { |part| !part.match?(SOURCE_ID_RE) }

    {
      raw: match[0],
      family: match[:family],
      source_ids: parts,
      locator: locator,
      start: match.begin(0),
      end: match.end(0)
    }
  end.compact
end

def strip_citations(text, citations)
  citations.sort_by { |citation| -citation.fetch(:start) }.each_with_object(text.dup) do |citation, clean|
    clean[citation.fetch(:start)...citation.fetch(:end)] = ""
  end
end

如果您的来源 ID 使用其他格式，请更新 SOURCE_ID_RE， 使其与您的系统匹配。

示例

以下示例展示了两种常见的引用模式：

• 工具检索的上下文：由您的工具返回可引用的材料及其 ID。
• 注入的上下文：由您在提示中直接提供可引用的文本块。

为工具检索的上下文设置引用格式

当模型通过工具检索上下文，并在答案中引用检索到的上下文时，请使用此模式。

定义可引用单元

您应根据用例所需的精确程度选择可引用单元。以下示例展示了几种可能的工具输出。

以下示例展示了几种推荐的工具输出格式。不同应用使用的底层工具可能不同，但最重要的是，输出应像这些示例一样采用清晰、稳定的结构。

Citation Marker: {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn0file0{CITATION_STOP}
[L1] The service agreement states that termination for convenience requires thirty (30) days’ written notice, unless superseded by a customer-specific addendum.
[L2] In practice, renewal terms auto-extend for successive one-year periods when no written non-renewal notice is received before the deadline.
[L3] Appendix B further clarifies that pricing exceptions must be approved in writing by both Finance and the account owner.

Citation Marker: {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn0file1{CITATION_STOP}
...

Citation Marker: {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn0file0{CITATION_STOP}
[Block1]
The service agreement states that termination for convenience requires thirty (30) days’ written notice, unless superseded by a customer-specific addendum.
In practice, renewal terms auto-extend for successive one-year periods when no written non-renewal notice is received before the deadline.
Appendix B further clarifies that pricing exceptions must be approved in writing by both Finance and the account owner.

Citation Marker: {CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn0file1{CITATION_STOP}
[Block2]
...

编写提示指令

## Citations

Results are returned by "tool_1". Each message from `tool_1` is called a "source" and identified by its reference ID, which is the first occurrence of `turn\\d+file\\d+` (for example, `turn0file0` or `turn2file1`). In this example, the string `turn0file0` would be the source reference ID.

Citations are references to `tool_1` sources. Citations may be used to refer to either a single source or multiple sources.

A citation to a single source must be written as:
{CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn\d+file\d+{CITATION_STOP}

If line-level citations are supported, a citation to a specific line range must be written as:
{CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}turn\d+file\d+{CITATION_DELIMITER}L\d+-L\d+{CITATION_STOP}

Citations to multiple sources must be written by emitting multiple citation markers, one for each supporting source.

You must NOT write reference IDs like `turn0file0` verbatim in the response text without putting them between {CITATION_START}...{CITATION_STOP}.

- Place citations at the end of the supported sentence, or inline if the sentence is long and contains multiple supported clauses.
- Citations must be placed after punctuation.
- Cite only retrieved sources that directly support the cited text.
- Never invent source IDs, line ranges, or block locators that were not returned by the tool.
- If multiple retrieved sources materially support a proposition, cite all of them.
- If the retrieved sources disagree, cite the conflicting sources and describe the disagreement accurately.

输出示例：

The on-call handoff process is documented in the weekly support sync notes. \ue200cite\ue202turn0file0\ue202L8-L13\ue201

为注入的上下文设置引用格式

当您提前检索或准备好上下文，并将其直接注入提示时，请使用此模式。

定义可引用单元

对于注入的上下文，一种常见做法是使用带有稳定引用 ID 的显式标签包裹来源片段。

12345678910<BLOCK id="block1">
The service agreement states that termination for convenience requires thirty (30) days’ written notice, unless superseded by a customer-specific addendum.
In practice, renewal terms auto-extend for successive one-year periods when no written non-renewal notice is received before the deadline.
Appendix B further clarifies that pricing exceptions must be approved in writing by both Finance and the account owner.
</BLOCK>

<BLOCK id="block2">
Syllabus
</BLOCK>
...

这样可以明确可引用单元，方便模型引用。

编写提示指令

## Citations

Supporting context is provided directly in the prompt as citable units. Each citable unit is identified by the value of its `id` attribute in the first occurrence of a tag such as `<BLOCK id="block5"> ... </BLOCK>`. In this example, `block5` would be the source reference ID.

Because this pattern does not invoke tools, there is no tool turn counter to increment. That means you do not need to use a `turn#` prefix for the citation marker. You can keep IDs in a `turn0block5` style if that matches the rest of your system, or use plain IDs like `block5` as shown here. The key requirement is that the citation marker matches the injected context ID exactly and consistently.

Citations are references to these provided citable units. Citations may be used to refer to either a single source or multiple sources.

A citation to a single source must be written as:
{CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}<block_id>{CITATION_STOP}

For example:
{CITATION_START}cite{CITATION_DELIMITER}block5{CITATION_STOP}

Citations to multiple sources must be written by emitting multiple citation markers, one for each supporting block.

You must NOT write block IDs verbatim in the response text without putting them between {CITATION_START}...{CITATION_STOP}.

- Place citations at the end of the supported sentence, or inline if the sentence is long and contains multiple supported clauses.
- Citations must be placed after punctuation.
- Cite only blocks that appear in the provided context.
- Never invent new block IDs.
- Never cite outside knowledge or outside authorities.
- If multiple blocks materially support a proposition, cite all of them.
- If the provided blocks conflict, cite the conflicting blocks and describe the conflict accurately.

输出示例：

The Court held that the District Court lacked personal jurisdiction over the petitioner. \ue200cite\ue202block5\ue201